AJAX



What is Ajax - 

AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. It is a combination of many technologies which are supported in modern browsers. AJAX is a new technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications with the help of XML, HTML, CSS and Java Script.
Ajax helps you in making your web application more interactive by retrieving small amount of data from web server and then showing it on your application. You can do all these things without refreshing your page.
Usually in all the web applications, the user enters the data into the form and then clicks on the submit button to submit the request to the server. Server processes the request and returns the view in new page ( by reloading the whole page). This process is inefficient, time consuming, and a little frustrating for you user if the only the small amount of data exchange is required. For example in an user registration form, this can be frustrating thing for the user, as whole page is reloaded only to check the availability of the user name. Ajax will help in making your application more interactive. With the help of Ajax you can tune your application to check the availability of the user name without refreshing the whole page.
   
Some ajax technique are follows.

JavaScript:
With AJAX when submit is pressed, JavaScript will make a request to the server, interpret the results and update the current screen. In the purest sense, the user would never know that anything was even transmitted to the server.

Asynchronous Call to the Server:
Most of the Ajax application used the XMLHttpRequest object to send the request to the web server. These calls are Asynchronous and there is no need to wait for the response to come back. User can do the normal work without any problem.
 
XML:
XML is commonly used as the format for receiving server data, although any format, including plain text, can be used.

How Ajax Works?

When user first visits the page, the Ajax engine is initialized and loaded. From that point of time user interacts with Ajax engine to interact with the web server. The Ajax engine operates asynchronously while sending the request to the server and receiving the response from server. Ajax life cycle within the web browser can be divided into following stages:

User Visit to the page:
 User visits the URL by typing URL in browser or clicking a link from some other page.

Initialization of Ajax engine:
When the page is initially loaded, the Ajax engine is also initialized. The Ajax engine can also be set to continuously refresh the page content without refreshing the whole page.

Event Processing Loop:
* Browser event may instruct the Ajax engine to send request to server and receive the response data
* Server response - Ajax engine receives the response from the server. Then it calls the JavaScript call back functions
* Browser (View) update - JavaScript request call back functions is used to update the browser. DHTML and css is used to update the browser display.

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